Building Automation Systems

[edit] Introduction

Technology has opened the doors for unique innovations in every sector, from big businesses to your personal life. One area where innovation is making a big impact is building automation systems, especially for commercial buildings.

[edit] What Are Building Automation Systems (BAS)?

A working BAS definition would be any system that controls electronic and mechanical systems in a building. Often, they help the occupiers control, among other things, the building environment. Common examples include HVAC, occupancy schedules, temperature and access control. The most common implementations focus on just a few systems, like heating and cooling. More advanced systems monitor and control a range of functions. Some examples include fire suppression and security systems.

One of the most important benefits is controlling every system from one central place. The goal is to reduce costs and improve performance.

[edit] Types of Building Automation Systems

Though HVAC systems are the most common, BAS can control many different functions, including:

• Lighting.
• Chillers and cold storage.
• HVAC (Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning).
• Electrical systems.
• Occupancy sensors.
• Fire alarms and fire suppression.
• Security system and alarms.
• CCTV.
• Plumbing and water usage.

[edit] Sensors

Sensors may be as simple as a thermostat or motion detector. The sensor’s purpose is to monitor the state of a particular system, feeding information to the controllers. Every design relies on sensors from the most basic to the most advanced.

[edit] Controllers

The controller’s purpose is to collect data from the sensors and make decisions based on the input. Controllers direct the operation of connected systems, such as heating and air conditioning or other comfort systems. Controllers also communicate with the central system to coordinate operations or receive updates.

[edit] Connected devices

Connected devices and IoT devices operate based on output from the controllers. Anything from light levels to HVAC and door controls can be connected through a modern building automation system.

[edit] Central server

The central server keeps tabs on every aspect of the system, from the controllers to the sensors and devices. The server processes reports and enables remote control of the connected devices.

[edit] Benefits of Building Automation Systems

[edit] Reduce energy costs

One of the primary benefits of automation is the reduction in energy consumption. Operating a large building involves a myriad of operating expenses. Renters and owners alike benefit from automating climate control, amongst other systems. Reducing energy usage, especially at peak times, lowers operating costs. Whether it’s the climate system or indoor lighting, automation intelligently controls operation.

[edit] Remote monitoring and control

Another benefit is the ability to adjust systems from anywhere. Instead of manually adjusting thermostats physically, you can change settings remotely. Remote monitoring can also collect data and create reports on usage and other statistics. Whether to schedule maintenance or adjust operations, connected systems offer better insight.

[edit] Smart control

Smart adaptations to change are another key benefit. This allows the system to make changes without user input for the most efficient operation through artificial intelligence and other means. Intelligent controls can adjust lighting, climate, and other systems to make minor changes throughout the day. In large buildings, cost savings add up quickly.

[edit] Reduce maintenance costs

In the past, systems would run at full tilt to meet their inputs before winding down. This was inefficient, and it also added unnecessary wear and tear to systems. Another key benefit of building automation is the reduction of maintenance costs. Smart buildings operate their systems better and can also provide insights for scheduled downtime.

[edit] Additional Insights

Certain implementations also offer additional reports and insights based on building usage. For example, systems can generate reports on employee usage or individual room resource rates. Businesses and building owners can use these reports to tailor their operations to reduce costs and improve productivity.

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